MongoDB Sorting and Projection: Making Query Results "Attractive and Useful"

In MongoDB, sorting and projection can optimize query results. Sorting is implemented using `find().sort({ field: 1/-1 })`, where `1` denotes ascending order and `-1` denotes descending order. Multi-field sorting is supported (e.g., `sort({ age: 1, score: -1 })`). Projection controls returned fields with `find(condition, { field: 1/0 })`, where `1` retains the field and `0` excludes it; `_id: 0` must be explicitly set to exclude the default `_id` field. These can be combined, such as querying "students over 17 years old, sorted by age ascending, only showing name and age" to get ordered and concise results. Key points: sorting direction is 1/-1, projection requires manual exclusion of `_id`, and flexible combination is applicable in various scenarios.