栈：栈的“后进先出”是什么意思？原理图解
这篇文章以“叠盘子”为例，解释了数据结构“栈”的核心概念。栈是只能从一端（栈顶）进行插入和删除操作的线性表，另一端为栈底，其核心特性是“后进先出”（LIFO）——最后放入的元素最先被取出。 栈的基本操作包括：入栈（push，添加元素到栈顶）、出栈（pop，移除并返回栈顶元素）、查看栈顶（top）和判空（empty）。例如，叠盘子时，新盘子放在最上面（入栈），拿取时必须先取最上面的（出栈），符合LIFO。 栈在生活与编程中广泛应用：括号匹配（用栈记录左括号，遇右括号弹出匹配）、函数调用栈（后调用的函数先返回）、浏览器后退功能（依次弹出最近访问的网页）等。理解栈的“LIFO”特性，能帮助解决递归、动态规划等问题，是数据结构的基础工具。
Read MoreStacks in Daily Life: Why Are Stacks the First Choice for Data Structure Beginners?
The article introduces "stack" through daily scenarios such as stacking plates and browser backtracking, with its core feature being "Last-In-First-Out" (LIFO). A stack is a container that can only be operated on from the top, with core operations being "Push" (pushing onto the stack) and "Pop" (popping from the stack). As a first choice for data structure introduction, the stack has a simple logic (only the LIFO rule), clear operations (only two basic operations), extensive applications (scenarios like bracket matching, browser backtracking, recursion, etc.), and can be easily implemented using arrays or linked lists. It serves as a foundation for learning subsequent structures like queues and trees, helps establish clear programming thinking, and is a "stepping stone" for understanding data structures.
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