MongoDB vs MySQL: Which Database Should Beginners Choose?

Databases are used for efficient data management, storage, and querying. The core mainstream databases are MySQL (relational) and MongoDB (non-relational). MySQL has a fixed structure (requiring pre-defined table schemas), reliable transactions (supports transactions to ensure consistency), and powerful SQL query capabilities. It is suitable for scenarios with clear data structures and transaction support (e.g., e-commerce user-order-product systems, financial transactions). MongoDB stores data in document form (similar to JSON), offers flexible structures (fields can be added or removed at any time), and has strong scalability. It is ideal for scenarios with variable data structures or unstructured data (e.g., rapidly iterating apps, blogs, logs). For beginners, project requirements should guide the choice: select MySQL for fixed structures, MongoDB for flexible needs, or a hybrid approach (e.g., MySQL for core data, MongoDB for user-generated content). There is no absolute superiority between the two; suitability is key. Beginners can experience their characteristics through small projects.